HEALTHCARE COST ASSOCIATED WITH CARDIOVASCULAR-KIDNEY-METABOLIC (CKM) SYNDROME STAGES AMONG ADULTS IN THE UNITED STATES: ANALYSIS OF NATIONALLY REPRESENTATIVE DATA
Author(s)
Ziqi Guo, MPH1, Kaustuv Bhattacharya, PhD2;
1University of Mississippi, Department of Pharmacy Administration, Oxford, MS, USA, 2University of Mississippi, Department of Pharmacy Administration, University, MS, USA
1University of Mississippi, Department of Pharmacy Administration, Oxford, MS, USA, 2University of Mississippi, Department of Pharmacy Administration, University, MS, USA
OBJECTIVES: To estimate the incremental healthcare cost associated with each stage of cardiovascular-kidney-metabolic (CKM) syndrome in a nationally representative sample of adults in the United States.
METHODS: A cross-sectional study was conducted using pooled data from adults (≥18 years) in the 2018, 2020 and 2022 Medical Expenditure Panel Survey (MEPS). CKM syndrome stages were defined based on the American Heart Association (AHA) staging construct - stage 0 (no CKM risk factors), stage 1 (BMI ≥25 kg/m2), stage 2-3 (metabolic risk factors or self-reported chronic kidney disease in addition to stage 1), and stage 4 (clinical cardiovascular disease on top of stages 1-3). Adjusted mean total all-cause healthcare cost for each CKM syndrome stage and incremental costs relative to stage 0 were estimated using survey-weighted two‐part generalized linear models. Recycled prediction and percentile bootstrapping were used to account for covariate imbalance and estimate the 95% confidence interval (CI) respectively for the incremental cost outcome.
RESULTS: The study included 44,880 adults, of whom 19,587 were classified as stage 0, 13,342 as stage 1, 10,436 as stage 2-3, and 1,515 as stage 4. The adjusted mean healthcare cost was $6,131 (95% CI: $6,086-$6,177) for stage 0, $6,311 (95% CI: $6,266-$6,358) for stage 1, $10,649 (95% CI: $10,586-$10,714) for stage 2-3, and $14,746 (95% CI: $14,639-$14,858) for stage 4. Compared to stage 0, the incremental total healthcare cost was $180 (95% CI: $179-$181) for stage 1, $4,518 (95% CI: $4,499-$4,538) for stage 2-3, $8,615 (95% CI: $8,552-$8,680) for stage 4.
CONCLUSIONS: Healthcare cost increased as individuals moved through CKM syndrome stages, with modest increases at stage 1, substantial increases at stage 2-3, and the largest increases at stage 4. These findings emphasize the value of early identification and management of CKM risk factors to reduce the economic burden associated with CKM syndrome progression.
METHODS: A cross-sectional study was conducted using pooled data from adults (≥18 years) in the 2018, 2020 and 2022 Medical Expenditure Panel Survey (MEPS). CKM syndrome stages were defined based on the American Heart Association (AHA) staging construct - stage 0 (no CKM risk factors), stage 1 (BMI ≥25 kg/m2), stage 2-3 (metabolic risk factors or self-reported chronic kidney disease in addition to stage 1), and stage 4 (clinical cardiovascular disease on top of stages 1-3). Adjusted mean total all-cause healthcare cost for each CKM syndrome stage and incremental costs relative to stage 0 were estimated using survey-weighted two‐part generalized linear models. Recycled prediction and percentile bootstrapping were used to account for covariate imbalance and estimate the 95% confidence interval (CI) respectively for the incremental cost outcome.
RESULTS: The study included 44,880 adults, of whom 19,587 were classified as stage 0, 13,342 as stage 1, 10,436 as stage 2-3, and 1,515 as stage 4. The adjusted mean healthcare cost was $6,131 (95% CI: $6,086-$6,177) for stage 0, $6,311 (95% CI: $6,266-$6,358) for stage 1, $10,649 (95% CI: $10,586-$10,714) for stage 2-3, and $14,746 (95% CI: $14,639-$14,858) for stage 4. Compared to stage 0, the incremental total healthcare cost was $180 (95% CI: $179-$181) for stage 1, $4,518 (95% CI: $4,499-$4,538) for stage 2-3, $8,615 (95% CI: $8,552-$8,680) for stage 4.
CONCLUSIONS: Healthcare cost increased as individuals moved through CKM syndrome stages, with modest increases at stage 1, substantial increases at stage 2-3, and the largest increases at stage 4. These findings emphasize the value of early identification and management of CKM risk factors to reduce the economic burden associated with CKM syndrome progression.
Conference/Value in Health Info
2026-05, ISPOR 2026, Philadelphia, PA, USA
Value in Health, Volume 29, Issue S6
Code
EE331
Topic
Economic Evaluation
Topic Subcategory
Cost/Cost of Illness/Resource Use Studies
Disease
SDC: Cardiovascular Disorders (including MI, Stroke, Circulatory), SDC: Diabetes/Endocrine/Metabolic Disorders (including obesity), SDC: Urinary/Kidney Disorders