The economic impact of administration of the extremely expensive new amphotericin B (Amph B) preparations is huge for Greek hospitals. OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study is to present the cost of amphotericin B therapy and the cost-efficacy results, after administration, of the three amphotericin preparations, available in the Greek market, in a third-grade university hospital. METHOD: 88 amphotericin prescriptions dispensed by the Hospital Pharmacy were monitored over 2 months. RESULTS: 1. The three preparations available in the hospital Pharmacy are: A. Classic Amph B (Fungisone); B. Liposomal Amph B (Am Bisome); C. Lipid-complexed Amph B (ABLC). These are offered at the following prices (in USD): A: 100mg=1D, B:100mg=336D, C: 100mg=106D 2. Duration of Amph B therapy: 18+3 days 3. Number of flacons per patient per day: Adults 5-12 fl; Children: 5+1 4. Departments of major administration: Intensive Care Units (Surgical-AIDS-Internal Medicine), Nephrology, Pediatrics, Unit of Peritoneal Clearance 5. Cost of therapy: a. Costs per day, per patient A: 3D, B:1680-3360D, C:530-1060D. b. Costs of Total Therapy per patient: A 30D, B 54.000+4.000 D. C.: 14.400+2.600 D 6.No clinical evidence has been provided yet, whether administration of liposomal or lipid-complexed Amph B is cost-effective and the optimum necessary dosage. CONCLUSION: Extremely high costs for Amph B therapy become a threat for Social Insurance, because hospital fees will necessarily increase tremendously; proven efficacy for these costs has not been provided in Greece yet.