OBJECTIVES: To estimate volumes and structure of consumption of the drugs received by separate categories of citizens which have the right to free-of-charge reception under reimbesment program (DLO) in 2005 in Tatarstan (on example Tatarstan region). To allocate diseases having the greatest prevalence and-or the greatest financial loading for budget. METHODS: In 2004 there was not the federal reimbursement system. In 2005 DLO was launched. A total of 216,722 persons have the right to receive drugs by DLO. We received the information on each of 2,543,599 purposes of drugs. Ischemic illness of heart, hypertonic illness, diabetes, cancer of a mammary gland were leaders on volume. Expenses Ischemic illness of heart, hypertonic illness, diabetes, cancer of a mammary gland were leaders on volume of expense. One thousand patients with these diagnosis were randomized . We compared their therapy in 2004 vs. 2005. RESULTS: Total cost of DLO in Tatarstan in 2005 was €26,368 244. Average cost of one recipe in 2005 in DLO was €10.5. Average expenses for one patient in 2005 a year in DLO was €124. The maximal expenses for one patient was €23,534. On ischemic illness of heart 7% of charges are necessary, arterial hypertension 9%, diabetes 16%, oncology 19%. CONCLUSION: Introduction of system of reimbesment has rendered beneficial effect on quality of treatment of patients 2005 vs. 2004 percentage of patients on a regular basis received drug therapy in occasion of cardiovascular diseases (with the miss no more than three months for a year) has grown from 15,8% up to 32.8%.