OBJECTIVES: The EBA of new drugs was implemented in Germany in 2011 in order to slow the increasing expenditure for expensive drugs for special indications. This research aims to analyze the market penetration of new drugs for melanoma, multiple sclerosis (MS) and diabetes mellitus (DM) considering their EBA results. METHODS: Drugs with the first EBA from January 2011 until Dezember 2016 in the three indications were considered. Market penetration was evaluated by comparing the observed consumption with the expected consumption derived from the target population of the EBA. Consumption is measured in defined daily doses (DDD) for outpatient market of the statutory health insurance (GKV) for each year from 2011 until 2016. Moreover, the impact of an additional benefit vs. the appropriate comparator in the EBA on market penetration was analyzed. RESULTS: The following number of drugs out of the assessed drugs have an additional benefit in at least one patient group: melanoma 6/6, MS 1 (fingolimod)/3, DM 6/18. The observed consumption of new drugs for melanoma is lower than the expected consumption although all drugs show an additional benefit. The observed consumption for melanoma is overestimated as three drugs are also licensed for other indications. In MS, the observed consumption of teriflunomide and dimethyl fumarate is lower than the expected consumption, but still quite high, although both drugs have no additional benefit. The observed consumption of fingolimod is higher than the expected consumption. Nine assessed antidiabetics were withdrawn from market. The observed consumption of assessed antidiabetics is less than 4% of the observed consumption of all antidiabetics. CONCLUSIONS: The market penetration depends on the specific characteristics of the market. Based on our analysis the results of the EBA do not have a relevant impact of the market penetration of new drugs in melanoma, MS and DM.