OBJECTIVES: The objective of this retrospective chart review study was to describe the treatment, biopsy, BMx practice patterns & HCRU of patients with advanced NSCLC in Taiwan. METHODS: Newly diagnosed Stage IIIB/IV NSCLC patients who initiated first line therapy (1LT) during Jan/1/2011 to July/ 1/2013 were included in the study. Data were analyzed descriptively. Overall survival (OS) from start of 1LT & second line therapy (2LT) was estimated using the Kaplan Meier method. RESULTS: Of the 217 Taiwanese patients receiving 1LT, 52.5% were male, 66.0 % non- smokers and 77.0% had non-squamous (NSq) histology. 91.0% had stage IV disease. 71.0% (n=155) received 2LT and 42.0% (n=91) received 3L+ treatment (3L+). The duration of treatment was longest for 1LT (mean 272.6 [SD=240.77] days), followed by 2LT (mean 184.7 [SD=206.6] days), and 3L+ (mean 126.9 [SD=1,476.5] days). 84.0% of patients (n=182) had a biopsy performed. 71.0% had a biopsy performed before diagnosis. 85.3 % (n=185) of patients had a biomarker test (BMx), 85.0% (n=158) of whom had NSq histology. 69.0% (n=109) of the NSq histology had positive EGFR mutation status. Majority of the BMx tests (92.0%, n=170) were performed before start of 1LT. Across all histologies, the most common 1LT regimens were gefitinib (50.0%, n=108), pemetrexed (7.0%, n=15) and cisplatin+pemetrexed (7.0%, n=15). 32.0% (n=50) patients received single agent for 2LT, most commonly pemetrexed (11%, n=17).  53.0% (n=48) received anti-EGFR/anti-ALK therapy for 3LT, most commonly erlotinib (48.0%, n=44). Median OS for Taiwan from start of 1LT & 2LT was 25.47 and 15.77 months respectively. The total number of hospital inpatient admissions was 683. The overall average inpatient length of stay, regardless of line of therapy was 10.94 days per admission. CONCLUSIONS: Anti-EGFR/anti-ALK therapy is commonly used in 1LT; single agents are commonly used in 2LT.   More than 85% patients received a BMx test.