OBJECTIVES: Schizophrenia is a severe, chronic mental illness and often associated with repeated hospitalizations. Since nonadherence to medication is a recognized problem and may be the most challenging aspect of treatment, the objective in this study was to evaluate the medication adherence in schizophrenia management by using second generation antipsychotics (SGA). The relapse rate, frequencies and duration of hospitalizations, and medication costs of treatment among these adherent and nonadherent patients with schizophrenia were also studied. METHODS: Using the National Health Research Institutes original claim data (NHRID), we selected the schizophrenic patients in the ambulatory care and inpatient care data during year 2010 to 2013 by ICD-9 code 295 and receive SGA medication for more than 12 month. The discontinuation was identified by without any SGA prescription more than 6 month. Medication compliance was identified as total SGA prescription day/treatment period from first SGA prescription to the last SGA prescription. RESULTS: