OBJECTIVES: Imatinib has been covered by the critical disease insurance for treatment of CML in Jiangsu province of China since 2013 and free molecular monitoring has been provided to patients at top clinical centers as a pilot, which changed the local treatment pattern and outcomes of patients with CML. This study was to evaluate the impact of medical insurance coverage and the molecular monitoring frequency on outcomes of patients with CML treated at a central hospital in Jiangsu of China according to the patient level data. METHODS: The study investigated 335 CML patients receiving medical treatment in the central hospital between 1 January 2011 and 31 December 2014. Demographic and clinical characteristics were extracted from the patients’ clinical records. Univariate and multivariate analyses using the logistic regression model were performed to identify the differences in achievement of major molecular response (MMR) or complete cytogenetic response (CCyR) between the patients being insured and uninsured, or between the patients with frequency of PCR monitoring ≤2 times and ≥3 times per year. RESULTS: Both the achievement of MMR (BCR-ABL ≤0.1%) (50.4% vs. 37.5%) and CCyR (80.7% vs. 62.8%) at 12 months have shown significant differences which favored the patients with insurance coverage of imatinib, while there was no significant difference in the outcome of BCR-ABL ≤1% between insured and non-insured group (56.0% vs. 51.3%) at 6 months. The long term results of 24 months demonstrated that there was statistically significant difference in MMR between the group with 3 or more PCR monitoring tests per year and the group of patients with 2 or less PCR tests per year (76.9% vs. 52.2%). CONCLUSIONS: The study findings suggest that CML patients benefit from the insurance coverage of imatinib and higher frequency (≥3) of regularly scheduled molecular monitoring PCR in China.