OBJECTIVES: Low birthweight is associated with adverse short-term and long-term health outcomes. We aimed to examine the trend in the prevalence of low birthweight and factors that were associated with low birthweight from 2008 to 2014 in Xindu County of Chengdu, China.  METHODS: Birth data for 2008-2014 were retrieved from the Chengdu Municipal Maternal and Child Health Management System. A total of 51,580 singleton live births were included for analysis. We defined low birthweight as an infant weighting < 2,500 g, and small for gestational age (SGA) as sex-specific fetal growth below the 10th percentile at each completed week of gestation. We performed logistic regression to examine the secular trends in the prevalence of low birthweight and SGA, and univariable and multivariable logistic regression to assess potential factors that were associated with the prevalence of low birthweight. RESULTS: The prevalence of low birthweight and SGA was 3.5% [95% confidence intervals (CI): 3.3-3.7%] and 8.6% (95% CI: 8.4-8.9%), respectively, during the period of 2008-2014. Statistically significant increase was noted in regards to the prevalence of low birthweight (2008-2014, p<0.001). Regression analysis indicated that increased odds of low birthweight were associated with higher level of hospital [odds ratio (OR): 2.33; 95% CI: 1.99-2.70], specialist maternal and child hospital (OR: 1.20; 95% CI: 1.05-1.37), maternal age < 20 (OR: 1.52; 95 % CI: 1.10-2.13), high-risk pregnancy (OR: 1.63; 95% CI: 1.45-1.84), and preterm labor (OR: 65.45; 95 % CI: 43.48-71.43) after controlling for year of birth.  CONCLUSIONS: The prevalence of low birthweight shows an increasing trend in Xindu. The identified correlates for low birthweight may be useful for tackling the health challenge in this region.