OBJECTIVES: This study aimed to evaluate the cost-effectiveness of Rituximab plus Cyclophosphamide, Doxorubicin, Vincristine, Prednisone(R+CHOP) compared to CHOP alone in patients with diffuse large B-cell non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma(DLBCL) in China.  METHODS: A Markov molde was developed to estimate the direct medical costs and outcomes, which consists of three mutually exclusive health states which often characterize oncological diseases: ‘Progression Free Survival (PFS)’, ‘Progression’ and ‘Death’. Clinical outcomes were obtained from two pivotal clinical trials (GELA-Trial and MinT-Trail are respectively for patients above 60-years-old and under 60-years-old). The perspective of this study is that of the China health-insurance payer using a 15/50 year time horizon, and resource use was calculated based on a Delphi-survey from clinical expert panels. A discounting rate at 3.5% was used. A probabilistic sensitivity analysis was performed to understand the key drivers and general sensitivity of the model.  RESULTS: Compared to CHOP-alone-regimen, R+CHOP could bring additional 1.42 QALYs (1.64 life-years) and 1.6QALYS (1.52 life-years) for elderly and young DLBCL patients, respectively. In post-progression state, CHOP+R could bring about $$CHOP+R is cost-effective against CHOP in terms of the CE model with cost per QALY gained and ICER estimating at $18,145 and $10,388 for elderly and young patients. This value is below the Chinese threshold of three-time GDP per capita, at $24,375. Probabilistic sensitivity analyses showed that the ICER changed under various scenarios, but in the majority of cases remained below the threshold. CONCLUSIONS: Rituximab plus CHOP is a highly effective and well tolerated regimen for the treatment of DLBCL. R-CHOP is more cost-effective than CHOP-regimen for the Chinese health insurance system.