OBJECTIVES:: To describe real-world data on patient characteristics and treatment patterns for patients with stage IV non-squamous non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) who had received first-line or second-line treatments in Argentina. METHODS:: Data were taken from the Institute of Medical Specialties SA (IEMSA) electronic claims database in Argentina. This study included patients (n=175) who were ≥18 years old, diagnosed with stage IV non-squamous NSCLC between November 2007 and August 2016, and had received first-line or second-line treatments. Data were summarized using descriptive statistics. Time to death from date of NSCLC diagnosis was described using Kaplan-Meier survival estimates RESULTS:: The mean age of the patients at NSCLC diagnosis was 59.3 (SD: 9.8), and 74.9% were male. ECOG performance status (PS) at the time of diagnosis was PS=0 in 4.6%, PS=1 in 73.6%, PS=2 in 19.5%, and PS=3 in 2.3%. Of the 175 patients, 32.6% (n=57) progressed to second-line treatment. Seventeen and 20 different regimens were used as first-line and second-line treatments, respectively. Carboplatin+paclitaxel (44.0%, n=77), bevacizumab+carboplatin+paclitaxel (7.4%, n=13) and cisplatin+gemcitabine (7.4%, n=13) were most frequently used in first-line treatment, whereas pemetrexed (28.1%, n=16) and docetaxel (14.0%, n=8) were most frequently used in second-line treatment. About two-thirds had symptom progression at the end of first-line (64.1%) and second-line treatment (64.3%), respectively. However, only 32.0% of all patients received palliative care, together with chemotherapy (n=36) and/or after chemotherapy (n=36). The median overall survival since NSCLC diagnosis was 5.4 months (95% CI [5.0 – 6.0]). CONCLUSIONS:: Treatment patterns for patients with non-squamous NSCLC in Argentinian institutions were considerably heterogeneous. These patients also exhibited a poor prognosis with high rates of progression and low rates of survival. These findings reaffirm the need for the development of new strategies and guidelines for NSCLC management in Argentina.