OBJECTIVES: To estimate the effects of maternal education and other associated factors on the immunization propensity for children and adolescents in China. METHODS: A longitudinal survey (China Health and Nutritional Survey) between 1991 and 2006 were used to analyze the relationship between the immunization receipt status and the potential determinants, including children’ characteristics, the household’ characteristics and the community level influences. The recommended immunization schedule for persons aged 0 through 18 in China is similar to that from Centers for Disease Control and Prevention in the U.S. Descriptive statistics were reported for the sample from 9 provinces of China in each wave of surveys. Econometric models were constructed with an indicator for immunization propensity as the dependent variable (i.e., any immunization received by your children during the past 12 months). Independent variables include children’s age, gender, whether preventive healthcare services covered by insurance, their parents’ education level, the household income, transportation time to the usual clinic, medicines availability at the clinic in the community. RESULTS: The average immunization propensity is 0.69 (7,668 of 11,114) with a mean value of 0.57 for flu vaccine propensity. The upward trend over time in household income and percentage of residents in urban area indicate the rapid economic development and the urbanization in China from 2000 to 2006. Logit, probit, and longitudinal linear random effects regression analyses showed that maternal education level positively affects the immunization propensity for children aged ≤ 6 (p<0.01) and for children aged 7-18 (p<0.1). Other factor, such as the medical insurance, whether the individual resides in urban area and the needed medicines availability at the clinic, also had a significant impact on the immunization propensity for children and adolescents (p<0.05). CONCLUSIONS: Maternal education positively affects children’s immunization propensity, particularly for those children below 6 years of age.