OBJECTIVES: This study aims to summarize the results of the available evidence on economic burden of childhood injury in the world. METHODS: We summarized Chinese literatures from CNKI and searched English studies from Pub-Med. “Children”, “Injury” and “burden ” as the initial search words identified in English. We selected articles with injury burden referring to economic burden and collected the major results of literatures on study design, methods of calculating economic burden. RESULTS: We searched 34 literatures in Chinese and identified 33 articles in English, according to the inclusion criteria, 11 Chinese and 9 English articles were collected. We found that the result of each study was different in study design, criteria of injury, children's gender and age, injury types and the areas and periods of studies ,especially the method to calculate the economic burden of childhood injury. Researchers in China usually include only direct cost and sometimes indirect cost when calculating the economic burden, while scholars abroad usually cover direct, indirect cost of injury and sometimes intangible cost which caculating the cost of QALYs. CONCLUSIONS: We got different results affected by types of injuries, characteristics of population, regions of children and their social and economic situations. It’s necessary to build a unified way to calculate economic burden of children injury.