OBJECTIVES: Lung cancer, especially non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), is one of the most leading causes of mortality not only in the world but also in Vietnam. Bevacizumab – a targeted therapy agent- has been recommended to use in combination with chemotherapy as the first-line treatment of advanced NSCLC. However, the high cost of bevacizumab may reduce the availability of bevacizumab, especially in Vietnam. Therefore, this analysis was conducted to analyze the cost-effectiveness of bevacizumab in the combination with paclitaxel and carboplatin (BCP) versus paclitaxel and carboplatin regimen (PC) in Vietnamese setting. METHODS: A Markov model has been developed with 3 stages (stable, progressive and death). The model has a cycle length of 1 year with the life-time horizon. The population of 1000 patients was included in the  model. The transition rates have been retrieved from randomized clinical trials, the prices of drugs and medical services have been averaged from the price-lists of some major hospitals in Vietnam in 2013. The sensitivity analysis has been conducted. RESULTS: The cost of BCP and PC regimen for NSCLC treatment accounts for 4,691,452,387 VND and 1,792,656,298 VND with the QALY of 7.88 and 5.62, respectively. The CER of BCP regimen for NCSLC treatment accounts for 595,533,261 VND, which is around 2 times higher than that of PC regimen. The ICER of BCP regimen versus PC regimen accounts for around 1.3 billion VND, which is about 17 times higher than the willingness-to-pay of Vietnam (74 million VND). One-way sensitive analysis showed bevacizumab price as the most affecting factor on its cost-effectiveness. CONCLUSIONS: Due to the high cost of drug, the combination of bevacizumab in the PC regimen in treatment of NSCLC is considered not cost-effective in Vietnam. To enhance the cost-effectiveness of bevacizumab, supporting policies from manufacturer, healthcare providers and government should be established.