OBJECTIVES: The current study is to quantify the burden of neuropathic pain (NeP) with respect to health status, work productivity loss, and health care resource utilization among patients in Japan. METHODS: The 2010 Japan National Health and Wellness Survey (NHWS), a self-reported, Internet-based survey of adult Japan population, was used as the data source for this study (N=25,000).  All respondents were categorized as those reporting either NeP, a form of pain other than NeP, and no pain.  These groups were compared on health status (using the SF-12v2), work productivity loss (using the WPAI), and health care resource use (provider visits, hospitalizations, and emergency room (ER) visits) in the past six months using regression modeling controlling for demographics, health behaviors, and comorbidities. RESULTS: Of the 25,000 patients in Japan, 0.23% (n=58) reported experiencing NeP, 5.57% (n=1392) reported experiencing another form of pain, and 94.20% reported experiencing no pain in the past month. Adjusting for covariates, patients experiencing NeP reported significantly worse physical and mental component summary scores (42.43 and 41.60, respectively) than patients experiencing another form of pain (45.41 and 44.83, respectively) and patients without pain (51.03 and 47.41, respectively) (all p<.05). A similar pattern was observed for health utilities (Nep=0.66 vs. Other pain=0.69 vs. No pain=0.76). Overall work impairment was similar between those with NeP and those with other pain (36.50% vs. 26.63%, respectively, p=.21); however, patients with NeP reported greater overall work impairment than those without pain (16.50%, p<.05). Patients with NeP also reported significantly more provider visits (18.85) than those with other pain (8.21) and no pain (4.60) (all p<.05). CONCLUSIONS: Patients in Japan with NeP report significantly worse humanistic and economic outcomes compared with those without pain and even other forms of pain. The results suggest improved management of NeP may have substantial health outcome benefits.