OBJECTIVES: This study with in-centre haemodialysis patients examined the impact of personal psychological resilience resources, social support, hopefulness, and perceived loss of control to doctor on mental health outcomes. We hypothesized that resilience resources are the overarching principle determining QOL among these predictors. METHODS: Non-invasive study with cross-sectional design, using quantitative data collected from standardized self-report measures (N=294). Predictor variables included: resilience resources (perceived control, optimism, self-esteem); social support; loss of control to doctor; hope. Control variables included: gender; age; relationship, vocational, socio-economic status; living alone; cultural identity; religious beliefs; and disease-related variables such as cause of renal failure, number of co-morbidities, time since dialysis onset, transplant status, kidney disease impact. Outcome measure: Mental Composite Score (MCS) of SF-36v2® health survey. RESULTS: Only questionnaires without missing data were included in the analysis (n=219). Significant relationships (p<0.01) were observed of MCS with employment status (r=0.25); socioeconomic status (r=.30); kidney disease impact (r=0.60); social support (r=0.21); hope (r=0.27); loss of control to doctor (r=0.16); self-esteem (r=.51); optimism (r=0.40); perceived control (r=.40). Hierarchical multiple regression model explained 48 percent of variance in MCS, F(9,209)=23.04, p<.01. Demographic variables (block 1, ΔR²=.12, F(2,216)=15.24, p<0.01), disease impact (block 2, ΔR²=.29, F(1,215)=104.15, p<0.01), and resilience resources (block 4, ΔR²=.08, F(3,209)=11.48, p<0.01) explained a significant portion of variance in MCS. Social support, hopefulness, and perceived loss of control to doctor (block 3, ΔR²=0.01, F(3,212)=0.70) were not able to explain a significant portion of variance in MCS. CONCLUSIONS:  Resilience resources accounted for 8 percent of variance over and above all other predictors. Confirming the hypothesis, variables such as social support that had predicted mental health in earlier studies became insignificant. Future research should identify less resilient patients and make positive psychology approaches available to see if outcome can be improved in clinical practice.