OBJECTIVES: To identify the rate of patient’s prescription filling in outpatient health care departments in Indonesia, and to examine its related factor. METHODS:  Secondary data from the 4thWave Indonesia Family Life Survey (IFLS, RAND Corp.) were used to obtain the Indonesia patients socio-economic characteristics including their behavior on filling prescription in outpatient health care departments. Factors related to prescription filling were identified from similar studies such as educational level, economic status, geographical status (urban-village, mainland-based), health insurance coverage, catastrophic health care costs, satisfaction from healthcare received, and morbidity (days of illness, illness condition). Statistical analyses such as univariate, bivariate, and multivariate analyses were performed in a cross-sectional study to identify and to examine the relationship between those factors with prescription filling rate. Meanwhile, interaction test also performed among variables in the multivariate model. RESULTS: Six hundred forty-one respondent data were eligible and used for analysis purposes. Results showed that 85,49% patients from outpatient healthcare department filled their prescriptions. Bivariate analysis showed that factors related to the prescription filling rate were educational level (p=0,031), economic status (p=0,085), geographical status (p=0,016 for urban-village, p=0,000 for mainland-based), and catastrophic outpatient health care costs (p=0,060). Meanwhile, multivariate analyses showed that only geographical status (p= 0,019 for urban-village) was significant. In terms of geographical status, patients who lived in Java Island had 1,6 times greater possibilities in prescription filling compared to patients who lived in other islands. No interaction identified between variables in the last multivariate model. CONCLUSIONS: Prescription filling in the outpatient health care department can be considered not optimum. Policy to enhance prescription filling in outpatient healthcare department should put an emphasize on geographical conditions of Indonesia which consists of thousand islands.