BACKGROUND: Cervical cancer is the first leading female cancer, especially, in developing countries. The two available HPV vaccines protect against HPV types 16/18 responsible for majority of cervical cancer. The quadrivalent vaccine also protects against HPV types 6/11 that cause majority of genital warts.  It is important to examine health and cost burden of HPV-related diseases to understand the potential impact of introducing HPV vaccine. OBJECTIVES: We aimed to evaluate the long-term health and cost burden associated with cervical cancer, cervical intraepitherial neoplasia (CIN) and genital warts from healthcare provider perspective in Thailand. METHODS: We developed a state-transition Markov model to simulate the epidemiology of stages of cervical cancer, CIN and genital warts in a hypothetical cohort of 100,000 12-year-old girls. Costs included diagnosis and treatment costs of HPV related diseases. Probabilities at each chance node in the model were derived from the Thailand healthcare context. RESULTS: The highest incidence of CIN and genital warts was observed among women aged 20-30 years. For cervical cancer, the highest incidence was observed among women aged 45-55 years. Death rate was estimated at 2%, 8%, 84% and 94% for cervical cancer stage IA1, IA2-IIA, IIB-IVA and IVB, respectively. The estimated mean direct cost per patient with cervical cancer stage IA1, IA2-IIA, IIB-IVA, IVB, CIN1, CIN2/3 and genital warts were US$1,277, US$3,020, US$12,506, US$10,019, US$167, US$1,551 and US$111, respectively. The overall lifetime costs were estimated at US$26.7 million for a cohort of 100,000 women which corresponded to approximately US$132.0 million for the current entire cohort of 12-year-old girls in Thailand. CONCLUSIONS: HPV- related diseases impose significant health and cost burden in Thailand.  The potential impact on HPV-related diseases of a national immunization programme with HPV vaccine should be examined to inform the policy discussions around the HPV vaccination programme in Thailand.