OBJECTIVES: This study is to estimate health expenditures in hypertension and dyslipidemia (HTN/DYS) patients with cardiovascular risks over a period of 10 years in Chinese healthcare settings. Costs are compared among patients using single pill amlodipine/atorvastatin (SPAA) therapy, amlodipine therapy only, and no intervention. METHODS: Three hypothetical cohorts of HTN/DYS patients were constructed: 1) SPAA group, 2) amlodipine only group, and 3) no intervention group. The size of eligible population was determined by national prevalence data on patients with HTN/DYS and those not receiving statin therapies, and on percentage of patients currently insured derived from total publication. For each group, data on risk of having cardiovascular illness over 10 years, average costs for cardiovascular illness management per patient, and average costs for HTN/DYS treatment per patient were identified from existing literature. Overall health expenditures were then calculated by costs of having cardiovascular illness within 10 years, plus costs of treating HTN/DYS over 10 years. Comparisons were made between SPAA versus amlodipine only, and SPAA versus no intervention. RESULTS: Of the 26.89 million eligible patients included in this study, the overall health expenditures over 10 years in patients with SPAA therapy, amlodipine only, and no intervention were estimated to be RMB 37.65 billion, RMB 59.17 billion and RMB 75.30 billion, respecbtively. The SPAA therapy allows payers to save annual cost of 2.15 billion when compared with amlodipine only therapy, and annual cost of 3.77 billion when compared with no intervention at all. CONCLUSIONS: SPAA therapy in HTN/DYS patients is likely to generate more cost savings to the society by reducing the costs of cardiovascular illness, when compared with traditional therapies.