INTRODUCTION: Postpartum depression (PPD) is a debilitating disease that affects women’s quality of life, social functioning and productivity. In Canada, the prevalence of PPD is estimated to be between 10-15%. Left untreated, PPD can lead to significant consequences for the mother, father and child OBJECTIVES:  To examine the cost effectiveness of screening versus not screening for PPD in Alberta using the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS) with a cut point of 12/13 within the first year postpartum. METHODS:  A decision analytic model was created to determine the incremental cost per quality adjusted life-year (QALY) of PPD screening over one year postpartum using a public payer perspective. The majority of model inputs were derived using an Alberta-based research cohort linked to administrative data. Costs are reported in 2016 Canadian dollars. Sensitivity and scenario analyses were completed to test the uncertainty surrounding varying model inputs. RESULTS:  Screening for PPD using the EPDS at a cut point of 12/13 appears to be more costly ($66) and more effective (0.0021 QALYs) compared to not screening, with an incremental cost effectiveness ratio (ICER) of $30,822 per QALY. The base case inputs were chosen to be conservative, the ICER for all other scenarios ranged from $13,382-$30,077 per QALY. Sensitivity analyses indicated that the utilities of having and not having PPD were important drivers of the model. CONCLUSIONS:  Following extensive scenario and sensitivity analyses, it appears that the ICERs for PPD screening falls within the acceptable threshold range ($50,000 per QALY) for health programs and services in Canada. We therefore recommend screening for PPD using the EPDS with a cut point of 12/13 in Alberta.