OBJECTIVES: This study aimed to perform a pharmacoeconomics evaluation of pegylated interferon α-2a and interferon based on Chinese chronic hepatitis C patients of different genotypes. METHODS: The chronic hepatitis C patients were divided into genotype 1 and non-genotype 1. Markov models were built respectively to simulate chronic hepatitis C developmental process of Chinese patients. We had evaluated the cost and utility of pegylated interferon α-2a and interferon by running 50 cycles of the models and deterministic and probabilistic sensitivity analysis were carried out.Initial age of the patients were set to be 40 according to the literature. Efficacy of these two therapies was derived from 19 Chinese randomized controlled trials by making a meta analysis. Utility of different states in the model was obtained from one survey of Chinese chronic hepatitis and the transition probability come from foreign original literature. Resource use and unit cost data were obtained from the literature and validated by Chinese clinical experts. RESULTS: Cost-utility analysis results showed that for genotype 1 chronic hepatitis C patients, pegylated interferon α-2a had lower cost (183631.14RMB vs 212703.42RMB) and higher utility (14.06QALY vs 12.32QALY), which proved pegylated interferon α-2a was cost-effective; with regard to non-genotype 1 patients, pegylated interferon α-2a had higher cost (112770.18RMB vs 111025.80RMB) and higher utility (15.01QALY vs 14.51QALY), and the incremental cost-utility ratio was 3488.76RMB/QALY (lower than Chinese threshold), pegylated interferon α-2a was cost-effective. In the sensitivity analysis, the results were similar with base case analysis． CONCLUSIONS: Pegylated interferon α-2a is cost-effctive than interferon both for genotype 1 and non-genotype 1 chronic hepatitis C patients in China.