OBJECTIVES: The aim of this survey was to assess the diagnostic modalities and the management of iron deficiency (ID) or iron deficiency anemia (IDA) in clinical practices in Algeria. METHODS: Physicians were selected from a professional database. They reported, on a self-administered questionnaire, the estimated frequencies of ID and IDA among their patients, the diagnostic modalities and treatments. They have also reported the conditions of use of oral or intravenous (IV) iron and erythropoiesis-stimulating agents (ESA). The survey analysis was performed on 349/400 questionnaires of physicians from different therapeutic areas (anesthesia, intensive care, surgery, n=43; gynecology, obstetrics, n=111; oncology, hematology, n=58; gastroenterology, n=64; cardiology, n=36; internal medicine, n=25; others, n=12). RESULTS: Out of 82% (290/349) of physicians reported cases of ID. Among them 20% (75/349) reported a frequency of ID ≥ 50%. Physicians were 97% (335/349) to report IDA among their anemic patient. For 71% (250/349) of them, frequency of IDA was > 30%. Physicians were 25% (88/349) to systematically explore ID (57% in gynecology-obstetrics) and 67% only if there is an anemia. Physicians (90%) mainly use oral iron as primary treatment of ID and are 29% who are using IV iron if hemoglobin (Hb) level ≤ 8 g/dL (median). Survey responders were 49% (170/349) to report transfusion for severe IDA (48% in the post-partum). In contrast with Hb level (89%), serum ferritin and transferrin saturation, were insufficiently performed: 66% (232/349) and 36% (125/349), respectively. The use of ESA was reported by 25% (60/238) of physicians [72% (42/58) in oncology and hematology]. CONCLUSIONS: This survey provides an initial source of information on the frequency of ID and IDA based on the routine clinical practices from a multidisciplinary sample of Algerian physicians. It appears that the monitoring of iron status parameters is advised to better optimize treatment and reduce blood transfusion.