OBJECTIVES: Carry out an economic evaluation of the ThinPrep Pap test through the evaluation of sensitivity and specificity for the detection of abnormal cells, cervical cancer and/or precursor lesions. METHODS:  A cost-effectiveness study was conducted, through a decision tree comparing ThinPrep Pap test vs conventional cytology for the detection of abnormal cells, cervical cancer and/or precursor lesions. The outcomes are expressed as number of detected cases, calculating the total and incremental effectiveness, the total and incremental costs and the Incremental Cost Effectiveness Ratio (ICER). The time horizon was instantaneous, i.e., the duration of a test. It was considered an institutional perspective. A deterministic and probabilistic sensitivity analysis was conducted, in order to analyze the uncertainty. RESULTS:  ThinPrep Pap test in comparison with the conventional cytology demonstrated a major effectiveness expressed as number of detected cases. Assuming a 1,000 patient cohort, the additional detected cases using ThinPrep Pap test was of 26 cases. The use of ThinPrep Pap test generated an incremental cost of $18.20 USD per patient, the ICER was $701.50 USD. ThinPrep Pap test is a cost-effective option for the detection of abnormal cells, cervical cancer and/or precursor lesions. CONCLUSIONS:  Based on the obtained results, ThinPrep Pap test is a diagnostic test that allows the detection of precursor lesions and inflammatory processes of the cervix, which allows an early diagnostic to prevent cervical cancer in the Mexican population. Furthermore, is was demonstrated that ThinPrep Pap test is a cost-effective option for the Mexico’s National Healthcare System.