OBJECTIVES: Primary care treatment approaches for Cardiovascular diseases (CVD) focus on intervening individual’s lifestyle choices through identifying and reducing modifiable risk factors for CVD such as blood pressure and cholesterol. While screening for cardiovascular disease risk targets to reduce CVD risk factors in high-risk individuals, it tends to benefit the predominant population and those with more socioeconomic ability. The aim of this review is to understand the impact of CVD screening on health inequalities. This systematic review investigates the uptake rates of health checks for multifactorial cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk factors to understand their impact on socioeconomic inequalities in health. METHODS: We searched Medline, Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews; Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL); Cochrane Methodology Register; Database of Abstracts of Reviews of Effects (DARE); NHS Economic Evaluation Database (EED); Health Technology Assessments Database (HTA); and Econlit. We selected all studies conducted at primary/ community care level, which screens for CVD multifactorial risk factors with uptake and risk factors as outcomes for all population and geographical location, published between 1985 and 2016. RESULTS: The included studies evaluated CVD health checks in various screening sites, including those conducted in General Practitioners’ clinics. There was a higher likelihood of women attending health checks when compared to men. Uptake of health checks was less likely in men from low socioeconomic status. Higher uptake rates in health checks were detected in the less deprived and older age groups. Some evidence also observed higher prescription and uptake rates of health checks in south Asian patients. CONCLUSIONS: Socioeconomically disadvantaged population benefits less from screening for cardiovascular disease risk factors due to a generally low uptake rate. While CVD screening reduces CVD risk factors, it could threaten the socioeconomic inequalities gap. Further research could be conducted to combat the specific health inequalities.