OBJECTIVES: The Oncology Care Model (OCM) is one of several alternative payment models developed by the CMS Innovation Center (CMMI). OCM practices have entered into payment arrangements that include financial and performance accountability for episodes of cancer care. This research assesses attitudinal and behavioral trends related to consideration of treatment cost and value among providers in OCM practices. It also considers emerging evidence needs in the context of value-based oncology and how these may be served by manufacturers. METHODS: There are 190 practices participating in the OCM. Primary research was conducted with providers including medical oncologists and nurse practitioners from a subset of these practices. Respondents completed a survey assessing attitudinal and behavioral trends related to consideration of treatment cost and value within their practices. This included: awareness of cost and health economic evidence; referencing of emerging oncology value frameworks; discussion of these elements with peers and patients; and consideration of these elements in development of oncology pathways and/or prescribing. RESULTS: Providers in OCM practices indicated growing awareness, discussion and consideration of treatment cost and value. Although drugs were not currently considered to be a top focus area for cost savings, providers nonetheless indicated greater appetite for health economic evidence to support decision-making. Moreover, they expect that these elements will become more important, with introduction of two-sided risk for OCM and/or eventual reform to Medicare Part B payment policies. CONCLUSIONS: There is a gradual but important shift in mindset among oncologists in which treatment cost and value is becoming a better understood quantity and this trend is more pronounced in OCM sites. These providers seek health economic data and analysis to support their clinical decision-making. This may include medical resource utilization and patient-reported outcomes (e.g., functionality) in well-defined patient populations.