OBJECTIVES: Hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection is associated with substantial clinical and economic burden and is an important public health issue in Central Asia. The objective of this review was to characterize HCV epidemiology and related complications in Kazakhstan. With more efficacious therapies becoming available, decision-makers require accurate estimatesof disease prevalence to assess the cost-benefit ratio of new treatments for HCV infection. The objective of the study was to synthesize estimates of the epidemiologic burden of HCV from Kazakhstan. METHODS: A review was conducted in electronic databases and conference abstracts, by two reviewers to identify populationbased estimates of HCV prevalence and incidence. Additionally, patients diagnosed with HCV (ICD-10 codes 070.41, 070.44, 070.51, 070.54, 070.70, 070.71, V02.61) between 2011 and 2015 were identified in National HCV registry. RESULTS: A search of electronic databases and conference abstracts identified 43 potentially relevant articles. Of those, 32 were included in the epidemiology review and 6 in the review of HCV-related complications. HCV prevalence in the general population was 0.6-0.7%. Prevalence was higher for injecting drug users (56-90%) and those with human immunodeficiency virus coinfection (12-20%) and was lower for blood donors (1-2%). Annual incidence of HCV in Kazakhstan was 5.43 per 100,000. HCV genotype 1b was associated with the highest incidence of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Five-year survival for patients with liver cirrhosis was 75.1%, decreasing to 36.9% following liver transplantation; the majority of deaths were attributable to HCC. Limitations were that the majority of studies included in the epidemiology review were small, regional studies conducted in specific populations, and there was an absence of large population-based studies. CONCLUSIONS: These population-based prevalence estimates, and the prevalence estimates from blood donors, may be useful for inclusion in disease models. Discrepancies between estimates from the different sources underscore the need for methodologically-rigorous epidemiologic studies to maximally inform decision-makers in Kazakhstan.