OBJECTIVES: The preferential Infection prevention countermeasure fee (PIPCF) was revised in April, 2012 in Japan, and it was divided into PIPCF 1 and 2 in case of meeting the requirement for securing infection prevention within a hospital. This study aims to explore the current status of infection control activities in hospitals allowed to calculate the PIPCF. METHODS:  We nationwide surveyed the situation of infection control activities in hospitals implementing the PIPCF by using a questionnaire. RESULTS: Of 3,680 target hospitals (all domestic hospitals: 8,484 in 2015), 718 hospitals responded, and the statistical analysis was performed for 708 eligible hospitals, 304 hospitals with PIPCF 1 and 404 hospitals with PIPCF 2. With regard to the staff assignments for infection control of physicians, nurses, pharmacists and laboratory technicians, full-time nurses were working at 277 hospitals (91.1%) of hospitals with PIPCF 1. However, full-time nurses were working at only 38 hospitals (9.5%) of 404 hospitals with PIPCF 2. More than 90% of any health care professionals were participating in in-hospital walk round at 304 hospitals with PIPCF 1. However, less than 70% of physicians were participating in in-hospital walk round at 404 hospitals with PIPCF 2, and the participation rate of in-hospital walk round for physicians was the lowest among health care professionals. No pharmacist and laboratory technicians participated in in-hospital walk round for infection control at 404 hospitals with PIPCF 2. CONCLUSIONS: The hospitals with implementing PIPCF 2 were owned by small-scale and private corporations, and it was difficult for hospitals with PIPCF 2 to set up the in-hospital infection control system. This suggested that this issue has to be considered when performing infection control in near future.