OBJECTIVES: The preferential Infection prevention countermeasure fee (PIPCF) requires the　full-time assignment of a pharmacist at the infection control team of a hospital with PIPCF 1 in 2012. This study aims to investigate the actual situation of the infection control activity including the role of a pharmacist at hospitals with the PIPCF. METHODS:  A nationwide survey was performed at hospitals with the PIPCF under the social medical fee schedule by using a questionnaire. RESULTS: Of 3,680 target hospitals (all 8,484 domestic hospitals in 2015) in Japan, 718 hospitals responded, and the statistical analysis was performed for 708 eligible hospitals, 304 hospitals with PIPFC 1 and 404 hospitals with PIPFC 2. The number of hospitals assigned part-time pharmacists for infection control team at hospitals with PIPCF 1 and 2 were 173 (59.6%) and 141 (34.9%), being similar to the assignment of physicians and medical technologists. However, the number of hospitals assigned full-time pharmacists at hospitals with PIPCF 1 and 2 were only 3 (1.0%) and 12 (3.0%), respectively. These results were the lowest among health care professionals. The working hours of pharmacists at hospitals with PIPCF 1 (13.7 person-hours) were higher than those at hospitals with implementing PIPCF 2 (8.8 person-hours). Furthermore, the amount of participation in infection control of pharmacists was less than other professionals, especially at hospitals with PIPCF 1. Although the participation rate of pharmacists in walk rounds were 94.4% at PIPCF 1 and 84.2% at PIPCF 2 hospitals, the numbers of participating pharmacists were 1.2 at PIPCF 1 and 0.3 at PIPCF 2 hospitals per an walk round. CONCLUSIONS: Although the working hours of pharmacists for infection control was limited due to the routine practice at a hospital, pharmacists play an important role in infection control by contributing to the walk round and the confirmation of permission and registration system.