OBJECTIVES: The aim of the study was to estimate costs associated with cervical cancer screening and diagnosis using a micro-costing approach in China. METHODS: The study was conducted in parallel to a large cervical screening program among about 63,000 women at 19 hospitals (including 10 urban and 9 rural hospitals) in China during 2015. Direct medical costs were estimated by collecting data on quantities and prices of drugs/supplies, equipment, and labor from each hospital. Direct non-medical costs were estimated through patient interviews and expert consultation.  RESULTS: In urban areas, direct medical cost of Thinprep cytologic test (TCT), cobas 4800 HPV DNA test, colposcopy and biopsy were US $7.93, $11.50, $3.42 and $7.96 per case, respectively. In rural areas, direct medical costs of visual inspection, TCT, careHPV DNA test, colposcopy and biopsy were estimated were US $2.51, $8.24, $8.60, $3.37 and $7.44 per woman, respectively. In both urban and rural areas, costs of testing kits from suppliers accounted for the most of the total costs of TCT (44.8% and 44.4%), and HPV DNA (63.6% and 56.7%) based cervical screening. Labor costs were the highest component costs of visual inspection (47.3% in rural areas), colposcopy (55.2% and 58%  ), and biopsy (55% and 53.3%). The average non-medical cost for screening and diagnosis was $0.3 per case. Program cost, including advertisements, staff training, and data management, ranged from $1.98-$7.96, and $0.63-$8.60 in urban and rural areas, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: Our findings provide costs associated with different screening techniques and treatment for cervical cancer. They can be potentially useful for population-based economic evaluation of cervical screening in China.