OBJECTIVES: To conduct budget impact analysis of medical care for chronic renal disease patients in need of renal replacement therapy via peritoneal dialysis and hemodialysis in the Russian healthcare environment. METHODS: We used the pharmacoeconomic analysis method – budget impact analysis and analysis of the direct and indirect costs. Direct costs included the costs of patient preparation to renal replacement therapy (RRT) and the costs of the conduct of  RRT, also the costs of treatment infectious complications of RRT (sepsis, peritonit) and  complications chronic renal disease (anemia, cardiovascular disease, secondary hyperparathyroidism). Indirect costs included the lump sum disability benefits, disability annuities (subject to the degree of disability) and loss of the gross domestic product because of the disablement of patients of economically active age.  RESULTS: We have carried out two scenarios: current scenario when the PD and HD population corresponds to the RRT actual practice and taken from reports of the Russian Dialysis Society (PD=8,5%, HD=91,5%), and predictive scenario with the one-to-one PD to HD treatment ratio (PD=50%, HD=50%). As a result, the total cost of treating the entire population of patients with chronic renal disease for one year at the current scenario, amounted to 480 766 632 $, while the value of the predictive scenario was 456 499 779 $ (1 $ = 76 RUB.) CONCLUSIONS: The results of budget impact analysis showed that the use of PD in the treatment of chronic renal disease can to allow save healthcare budget.