OBJECTIVES: Giant cell arteritis (GCA) is the most frequent primary large-vessel vasculitis in patients aged over 50 years. Common early manifestations include constitutional symptoms, headache, visual loss, polymyalgia rheumatica (PMR), and jaw claudication. The incidence increases with age and is higher in populations of Northern European origin than in those of Mediterranean countries. The incidence of GCA in France is 10 to 20 per 100 000 people older than 50 years. The aim of this study is to assess the net costs due to GCA in France and to identify driver costs of this disease. METHODS: This retrospective study used an incidence based approach. Incident GCA patients were identified in the French National Health Insurance System database (SNIIR-AM) from 2005 to 2008. For each case, 6 disease-free age and gender matched-controls were randomly selected. Their resources consumption was recorded over a 5 years period. Costs were estimated from the health insurance perspective. Direct medical, non-medical and indirect costs (i.e. daily benefits) were recorded. GCA patient’s costs were compared to control’s costs then we calculated GCA net costs. RESULTS: :