PURPOSE: HTA agencies around the world have started demanding evidence on the effectiveness and cost-effectiveness of new interventions on real-world population. Two specific types of evidence, often sought for, are: What impacts would access to a new intervention produce in the population that is cared for by an agency? How can we generate causal information about the heterogeneity of intervention impacts outside an RCT? Harnessing the power of advanced statistical and econometrics methods in answering these question and also understanding their limitations can provide a transparent way to generate such real-world evidence and build confidence of HTA agencies in these results. DESCRIPTION: This session is organized for discussions of application of three advanced statistical/econometric methods to generate real-world evidence for real-world decision making. They will cover the following topics: 1) projecting results from an RCT to a target population in the context of the cost-effectiveness of Pulmonary Artery Catherization (PAC), 2) projecting decision model results, that span multiple trials, to a target population in the context of the comparative effectiveness of a long-acting antiphychotic, and 3) estimating causal treatment effect heterogeneity using advanced instrumental variables models in the context of the use of intensive care units for deteriorating ward patients.