OBJECTIVES : The objective of the present study was to assess the risk factors and prevalence of diabetic complications in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus in a tertiary care setting.

METHODS

: A cross sectional observational study was conducted on 480 subjects (with or without Type2 diabetes)from November 2016 to april 2017 in a tertiary care hospital. Prevalence of diabetic complications was measured and riskfactors for development of those complications were determined odds ratios using graph-pad prism statistical software.

RESULTS

: Of 480 patients 61.25% have complications diabetic neuropathy(32.90%) was the most predominant complication followed by nephropathy(24.40%), dot blot retinopathy(23.80%) and cardiovascular complications(18.30%).

Neuropathy was significantly higher in the subjects of age above 60 years(34%,P=0.015),urban residents(52.6%,P=0.009),and co-morbidities are hypertension(P=0.012), history of cardiovascular diseases(P=<0.0001)and other diseases(P=0.026) RBS(P=0.022), low HDL(52.9%,P=0.015),low Triglycerides(11.6%,P<0.042), Serum creatinine (9.3%,P=0.004), duration of diabetes (5-10years 32.9%,P=0.008,>10 years 38.1%,P=0.001).

Nephropathy was significantly higher in subjects with age above 60 years(29.2%,P=0.022), educated(59.7%,P=0.021), and co-morbidities (HTN P=0.004, dyslipidemia P=0.010,obesity P=0.048), history of CVDs P<0.0001, other diseases P=0.001),alcohol consumption (2.8%,P=0.018),junk foods (taking occasionally 8.3%,P=0.003), HbA1C(37.3%,P=0.050), HDL(7.5%,P=0.010), total cholesterol(65.9%,P=0.026) LDL(25%P=0.011), serum creatinine(12.5%,P=0.001), duration of T2DM(5-10years, P=0.005).

Retinopathy was significantly higher in uneducated(42.9%,P=0.005)patients who are taking junk foods occasionally (P=0..009)fruits/fruit juices (weekly once,P=0.032)and co-morbidities (HTN P=0.001, dyslipidemia P=0.005,history of CVDs P<0.0001,other diseases P=0.001)alcohol consumption(P=0.029),PPBS(P=0.048),LDL(P=0.028),serumcreatinine(P=0.002)duration of diabetes(P=0.0).Cardiovascular complications were high in subjects of age above 60 years(51.9%,P=0.0003),house wives (P=0.014),daily labours(P=0.023) And co-morbidities (HTN P<0.0001,dyslipidemia P<0.0001),physical activity(P=0.03),habit of smoking (P=0.040),alcohol consumption (P=0.027),serum creatinine levels(P=0.005),duration of diabetes(P=0.091),habit of taking tea (daily once with sugar P=0.048).

CONCLUSIONS

The present study results suggested that neuropathy is more prevalent followed by neuropathy,retinopathy and cardiovascular complications in type 2 diabetes and significantly riskfactors for development of those complications were multiple respectively.