OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the long-term (2008-2017) economic burden of dengue from the public payer and societal perspectives in Brazil. METHODS: A previously published multicenter cost study was used to obtain the cost per dengue cases treated in ambulatory or hospital settings, and dengue-related deaths from both public payer and societal perspectives. As this analysis was performed only for a 1 year period, Brazilian inflation factors were used to estimate these costs, assuming no major differences in the healthcare resources consumed to treat dengue cases over the last 10 years. Death cost was calculated using the remaining life labor and the GDP of the year’s death and was discounted at 5%. The epidemiological data was obtained from the official surveillance system (SINAN) and the hospital information system (SIHSUS). In order to adjust for under-reporting, expansion factors of 3.2 for ambulatory cases and 1.6 for hospitalized cases were applied. RESULTS: From 2008 to 2017, reported in the surveillance system, 8.3 million dengue cases were treated in ambulatory, 611,556 in hospital, and 5,620 dengue-related deaths occurred. Considering under-reporting expansion factors 26.5 million would be treated in ambulatory and 978,490 in hospital. Over these 10 years, without considering under-reporting, dengue illness in Brazil was estimated to cost USD 485.3 million from the public perspective and USD 2.0 billion from the societal perspective. Considering under-reporting expansion factors, the costs would reach USD 1.4 billion and 5.3 billion from the payer and societal perspective, respectively. The highest economic burden was reached in 2015, with a cost of USD 1.1 billion, considering expansion factors and societal costs. Comparing the economic burden of dengue between two 5-year periods showed an increase of 107% from 2008-2012 to 2013-2017. CONCLUSIONS: Over the past 10 years, dengue imposed a substantial economic burden in Brazil which has been increasing over the years.