OBJECTIVES: To characterize treatment patterns and healthcare resource utilization among adults diagnosed with non-valvular atrial fibrillation (NVAF) at the Social Security system (EsSalud) in Peru. METHODS: Observational retrospective study based on medical chart review from the National Cardiovascular Institute (INCOR). The study included patients over 18 years of age, with a confirmed diagnosis of NVAF based on physician diagnosis and ICD-10 code, treated at INCOR NVAF in 2011, allowing for a minimum potential follow-up of one year. Clinical study enrollment or AF patients with valvular origin were excluded. For each eligible patient, information on patient and disease characteristics, treatments received, clinical outcomes, and AF-related health care resource utilization was captured. Patients were randomly selected from an electronic database until the predetermined sample size of 83 eligible patients was met.  RESULTS: The study population median age was 68.8 years, 66.3% were male.  CHADS2 distribution was: 0-7.2%, 1–18.1%, 2-18.1%, 3–32.5%, 4–18.1%, 5–6 % and 6-0%. 89.2% of patients with NVAF received at least one prescription during follow-up; distribution according to drug classes: 77.0% heart rate control, 75.7% antiplatelets, 60.8% antihypertensives, 50.3% vitamin K antagonists and 44.6% anti-arrhythmic. A median of 30.2 diagnostic tests including electrocardiograms and INR tests were performed per patient (range: 1 - 144). Twenty-three percent of patients had at least one procedure with implantation of a pacemaker being the most frequent procedure, followed by AV node ablation. 30% of patients were hospitalized at least once during the study follow up period. Median hospital stay was 12.6 days (range:1-115).    CONCLUSIONS: NVAF management is heterogeneous at INCOR, particularly for rhythm control, anticoagulation monitoring, and the utilization of anticoagulant therapy.