OBJECTIVES: Due to a substantial oncology burden across the globe, there is an increasing need for innovative, more effective oncology treatments. Although the decision-making process differs among nations, health technology assessments (HTAs) aim to produce policies that achieve optimal value while improving patient care and health outcomes. The objective of this analysis was to evaluate recent patterns in oncology-based HTA decisions in selected countries. METHODS: HTA surveillance was conducted for Australia, Canada, France, Germany, and the United Kingdom (UK) from January 1, 2012 to August 31, 2013 (19 months). Oncology-based HTAs were evaluated by therapeutic area, decision, and rationale for the decision. Decisions were categorized as favorable, unfavorable, mixed (ie, both favorable and unfavorable), and neutral (ie, deferral).   RESULTS: