OBJECTIVES: Compare healthcare costs and resource utilization between patients with Peyronie's disease (PD) and matched controls without PD. METHODS: Male adults aged ≥ 65 in Medicare Advantage plans or aged 18-64 in commercial plans with ≥1 PD diagnosis (ICD-9-CM: 607.85) between 1/1/2007-12/31/2012 were selected from a national claims database comprised of 14M enrollees. The index date was defined as the observed first date with a PD diagnosis. Continuous eligibility for ≥6 months before (baseline period) and 1 year after (study period) the index date was required. PD patients (cases) were matched on age, gender, race, geographic region, plan type, index year, baseline healthcare costs and comorbidities to patients without PD, Dupuytren's contracture, or Ledderhose disease diagnoses in their claims histories (controls) by propensity score matching. Descriptive analyses compared baseline characteristics and post-index resource utilization between cohorts. As indicated by Box-Cox test and Park test, generalized linear models with gamma distribution and log link were used to compare risk-adjusted healthcare costs inflated to $2013 US dollars. RESULTS: