OBJECTIVES: Multiple myeloma accounts for 1% of all new cancer cases with 2,000 patients suffering from multiple myeloma (MM) in Greece. The objective of the study was to investigate the disease management for MM and associated resource use in order to estimate the economic burden of the disease in Greece. METHODS: Disease management under current treatment pathway and resource use data were collected based on DELPHI methodology using an expert panel consisting of seven hematologists from Greek public hospitals. Direct medical costs per treatment line and regimen were included (i.e. pharmaceutical, medical and hospital care, lab and imaging tests, prophylactic treatment, and management of AEs) reflecting 2016 cost in Euros based on national reimbursed prices and DRGs tariffs. The societal perspective was adopted. RESULTS: Distribution of patient population in the MM treatment algorithm is the following, first line 25% (n=500), second line 20% (n=400), third and fourth line 15% (n=300) and 10% (n=200), respectively. The average cost per transplant eligible patient is estimated at €20,774 for 1^st line, €100,471 for 2^nd line, €26,076 to €60,233 for 3rd line and €17,696 for 4^th line. The estimated cost for non-transplant candidates per line of treatment is: €13,375 to €35,497 for 1^st line, €96,474 for 2^nd line, €28,606 to €56,247 for 3^rd line and €13,777 to €55,379 for 4^thline. The estimated average cost/patient of treatment is €33,864 (equal to 1.8 times the GDP per capita). The total cost of treatment for all MM patients is estimated at €67,727,834, of which about 3/4 (76.8%) represents the drug acquisition cost, followed by accompanying treatment/prophylaxis cost (12.1%). CONCLUSIONS: This analysis provides evidence that 1^st and 2^nd line treatment absorbs the majority of budget allocated to MM patients, while total cost of treatment represents about 5% of total public expenditure for all cancers in Greece.