OBJECTIVES: Vaccination plays an important role in protection from frightening consequences of infectious diseases. Turkey has an advanced system of universal routine vaccination in the national schedule and there have been recent improvements in the Turkish childhood national immunization program since 2006. There were diphtheria, hepatitis B, measles, pertussis, polio, tetanus and tuberculosis vaccines in 2006 national schedule. Since 2006, Haemophilus influenza type B, rubella, mumps, pneumococcal, varicella and hepatitis A vaccines implemented in national immunization programme, and rotavirus, human papillomavirus, and meningococcal vaccines are available widely across the country. However, some groups have questioned the benefits of the vaccine and refused to vaccinate themselves and their relatives as well. We questioned what would happen if vaccination is completely terminated for any reason and compare the results regarding the existing vaccines in 2006 and 2016. METHODS:  We modeled the impact on pediatric public health and the society of the cessation of routine vaccination in Turkey. RESULTS:  In case of the cessation of seven vaccines available in 2006, we predict that there would be 6.973 deaths per year arising from the return of vaccine-preventable diseases. The direct costs of the seven vaccine preventable diseases returning would be $550.305.406 whilst the societal costs would be $1.375.651.478 making a total of $1.925.956.884. According to our calculations, the cessation of vaccination with vaccines available in 2016 would cause 14.788 deaths per year. The direct, societal and total costs of the 16 vaccine preventable diseases returning would be $5.526.515.195, $2.617.580.150, $8.144.095.345, respectively. CONCLUSIONS:  There would be serious and unrecoverable results if vaccination will be ceased in Turkey for whatever reason.