OBJECTIVES:  This study aims to determine the annual direct costs of illness for ME secondary to BRVO in Turkey from payer [Social Security Institution (SSI)] perspective.METHODS: Delphi technique was applied to determine the type and the amount of resources used including epidemiology, diagnosis, treatment of symptoms and side effects, follow-up visits, hospital admissions based on physicians clinical assessment by gathering experts in a meeting to build up consensus. Unit costs of resources used in outpatient and inpatient were obtained from official lists of SSI and total costs were calculated using the opinions of physicians on resource utilisation. Calculations were made in TRY and results converted to EUR using the current currency (May 2016).RESULTS: In ME/BRVO, intravitreal injection (IVI) with ranibizumab is the most commonly used intervention (90% of patients), followed by laser photocoagulation (10%), dexamethasone implant (10%) and vitreous surgery (2%). Ranibizumab costs €376.07, whereas IVI intervention unit cost is €53.44. Annual cost of extended release dexamethasone implants is found as €434.04 and intravitreal administration costs €32.06. LPC's package fee for five sessions is €26.65. Vitreous surgery costs €552.25 and the costs of cataract, endophthalmitis, retinal detachment, vitreous hemorrhage, occular hypertension, and blindness were added as side effects. Mean following cost per patient on an annual basis was found as €165.64. Mean intervention cost was calculated as €65.23 per patient and drug/prescription costs were calculated as €470.96. The mean cost of side effects are €31.82 on annual basis and per patient.CONCLUSIONS: In light of these components, annual mean ME/BRVO cost per patient was calculated as €733.65. The number of ME/BRVO patients is estimated as 6,355 and the burden of ME/BRVO for Turkey is calculated as €4,662,345.75. This amount is 0.013% of expected total health expenditure of Turkey in 2016.