OBJECTIVES: Rational medication is a big issue in China now. This study analyzed the rational medication in patients with cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases (CVDs) based on Fujian provincial claims database in China METHODS:  The analysis in this study included the following aspects: the use of adjuvant medications,statins adherence, and antihypertensive medication adherence. The patients enrolled were those with main CVDs (including hypertension, diabetes, dyslipidemia, myocardial infarction and stroke) from units directly under Fujian Province from 2005 to 2014. In the analysis of adjuvant medications, as there was no clear definition of adjuvant medication in Fujian, the catalogues for adjuvant medication regulation issued by Beijing and Yunnan Province were adopted for analysis. RESULTS: From 2005 to 2014, the cost of adjuvant medications during hospitalization accounted for about 10.72-14.88% (adapting Beijing list)or 15.01-20.42%(adapting Yunnan list) of the inpatient drug costs of patients with CVDs. Among the top 20 drugs in terms of sales, there were 8 adjuvant medications, accounting for 37.47% in the total sales of the top 20 drugs. In patients diagnosed with hypercholesterolemia, only 49.70% patients had outpatient statin prescription records after diagnosis, these patients only took statins for less than 30% of the time. Overall, the more serious the conditions, the higher the proportion of patients using statins and the longer the time of medication. However, there was still a major gap from the requirements in the clinical guidelines. The proportion of patients with hypertension who got prescription more than 12 times a year was less than 50%, and a considerable proportion of patients (about 19.02-21.19%) got prescription of antihypertensive medications less than 3 times a year. CONCLUSIONS: Adjuvant medications are consuming much of the medical resources. Improvement of statin and antihypertensive adherence requires joint efforts of patient education, implementation of clinical guidelines, policy incentives and many other aspects.