OBJECTIVES: The purpose of the study was to assess the relationship of pharmaceutical expenditures (PE) and other social and economic factors on life expectancy for different age groups in Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) countries. METHODS: This retrospective study analyzed data from the OECD database on the association between life expectancy in 2010 and PE, social/lifestyle (tobacco, alcohol, fruits, vegetables, and sugar consumption), and economic (healthcare expenditures and gross domestic product (GDP)) factors from a sample of 27 developed countries. Data were pooled according to gender at 40, 60, and 65 years while controlling for the lag variables of alcohol and tobacco (lagged 20 years), food intake variables (7 years), and economic factors (12 years).  All variables were transformed via logathrimic form to yield full elasticities. A bootstrapped random intercept regression model with sandwich estimators was conducted to determine which social and health factors were associated with a change in life expectancy. RESULTS: The mean life expectancy for males was 39.02±2.30 years for age 40, 21.44±1.65 years for age 60, and 17.58±1.39 years for age 65.  The mean life expectancy for females was 43.22±2.09 years for age 40, 25.21±1.68 years for age 60, and 20.90±1.57 years for age 65.  Results of the regression of life expectancy indicated significant associations (p≤0.05) of: male gender (coefficient=−0.146. CI: −0.157-0.135); age group of 60 years (−0.570, CI: −0.583-0.558); age group of 65 years (−0.763, CI: −0.777-0.750); calorie intake (−0.144, CI: −0.246-0.041); fruit and vegetable intake (0.06, CI:0.036-0.084); overall healthcare expenditures (−0.047, CI: −0.092-0.001); and GDP (0.252, CI:0.189-0.314).  Pharmaceutical expenditures were not associated with change in life expectancy for any age group. CONCLUSIONS: Across 27 OCED countries, specific food intake, GDP, and health care expenditures were significantly associated with altering life expectancy.   Increased PE was not significantly associated with life expectancy.