OBJECTIVES: Nowadays thyroid disease found in 50% of the adult population and 80% of the elderly population of Ukraine. However there is no information about pharmacoeconomic analysis of this pathology. METHODS: We conducted a retrospective analysis of medical records of 3417 patients with hypothyroidism (n=2143) and diffuse toxic goiter (DTG) (n=1274), and determined the total annual cost of illness (COI) including direct and indirect costs. RESULTS: 12-month COI of hypothyroidism was $1860681.18, similar costs of DTG was $1439632.74. Annual direct costs of treatment per patient with hypothyroidism were $229.10, of which costs of investigations accounted for $62.28 (27.18%), the cost of medicinal treatment of the underlying disease was $27.96 (12.20%) and the cost of medicinal treatment of complications associated with hypothyroidism was $138.86 (60.62%). An indirect cost of treatment per patient with hypothyroidism was $639.16. The total 12-month COI of hypothyroidism per patient was $868.26. The total 12-month COI of DTG per patient was $1130.01, of which indirect costs accounted for $746.44. Annual direct costs of treatment per patient with DTG were $383.57, of which costs of investigations accounted for $109.50 (28.55%), the cost of medicinal treatment of the underlying disease was $100.45 (26.19%) and the cost of medicinal treatment of complications associated with DTG was $173.62 (45.26%). CONCLUSIONS: Thus, first held in Ukraine cost of illness analysis of the thyroid disease showed that the most money spent on indirect costs.