OBJECTIVES: The objective of the study was to estimate the CoD in DME, in Turkish setting. METHODS: A panel by participation of seven ophthalmologists was held to discuss the disease management in DME. Physicians reviewed the literature, discussed the local clinical practices and all cost components; pharmaceuticals, treatment administration, monitoring and adverse event. Cost of ranibizumab treatment was studied and January 2015 local prices for medications and procedures were used as sources. January 2015 EUR currency rate (2.6785TL/EUR) was used. RESULTS: The frequency of treatments and outpatient visits were assumed as 7.4 for the first year, 4.0 for the second year, 2.9 for the third year and 1.0 for the following years for ranibizumab. Common adverse events were taken into account. The cost of cataract was accepted as equal to the cost of cataract removal operation which is 153EUR. It was assumed that vitroretinal surgery was applied in 10% of patients with vitreous haemorrhage average cost of which was 10% of 616EUR/operation. It was assumed that surgical treatment (trabeculectomy, Seton operation or cyclophotocoagulation) was applied in 2% of increased ocular pressure (IOP) patients average cost of which was 196EUR/operation.  Pharmacologic treatment was assumed to be applied in 98% of the IOP patients cost of which was 4EUR/patient. Thus, overall cost of IOP was calculated as 8EUR. The cost of arterial thromboembolic events (282EUR) was taken from local sources. The total CoD was calculated as 5520EUR in patients treated with ranibizumab where the total cost excluding pharmaceutical was estimated as 590EUR (administration cost 121EUR, monitoring cost 442EUR, adverse event cost 27EUR). CONCLUSIONS: In DME, the main part of total CoD consisted of costs of the treatment, followed by monitoring costs.