OBJECTIVES: The incidence of malignant melanoma has increased in the recent years and the role of ultraviolet radiation (UV) in the disease process is well established. Indeed, epidemiological data supported that sun exposure and, more particularly sunburns during childhood are associated with a higher risk of developing melanoma. The present study aims at evaluating sun exposure habits in the Mexican population and at assessing, in this population, the knowledge of risks associated with such exposure. METHODS: A total of 400 dermatologists practicing in the 11 most important cities of Mexico have been selected to participate in the study. Over a period of one week, each year from 2011 to 2014, they submitted questionnaires to every consulting patient whichever the reason for the consultation. These self-administered questionnaires were completed by the patients and aim at collecting data on sun exposure and prevention habits in the population as well as at evaluating knowledge about risks associated with sun exposure. RESULTS: A total of 11841 questionnaires were completed. The mean age of the study population was 49.3 years and respondents were predominantly women (sex ratio 2:1). The majority of individuals reported usually staying in the sun less than 2 hours a day but exposed themselves between 11 am and 4pm. However, most people reported using sunscreen when going to the beach and protecting themselves with tee-shirts and/or sunglasses. Sunscreen was predominantly bought in pharmacies but most people applied it only once day. Regarding knowledge on the risks associated with sun exposure, the study highlighted many gaps, particularly concerning differences between UVA and UVB and their health consequences. CONCLUSIONS: Enhancing knowledge about the risks associated with sun exposure is essential because a better understanding of these risks is key for modifying people habits and improving outcomes.