OBJECTIVES: To estimate the economic burden of hip fractures in Norway under different assumptions on the future demographic and fracture rate development. METHODS: Based on population projections from Statistics Norway and estimated fracture rates, we projected the future number of hip fractures in the period 2014-2040. We projected assuming both a low, medium and high population increase. We estimated fracture rates based on data from the hip fracture database of the Norwegian Epidemiologic Osteoporosis Studies (NOREPOS), using data for the period 1999 to 2008. We predicted future fracture rates under three scenarios: assuming a constant future rate, assuming a continued decline in the fracture rate and assuming a continued, but somewhat reduced decline.  We considered a medium population growth and a reduced decline as the most likely scenario. To the estimated number of fractures we added the cost of hip fracture surgery and other health and social care cost related to hip fractures from a recent Lancet publication. RESULTS: The projected future cost in the period from 2014 to 2040 varies from a 14% increase in the best-case scenario to 121% increase in cost in the worst-case scenario, with a 65% increase as the most likely estimate. From a hospital perspective, the costs could increase from €108M to either €119M in a best-case scenario or €235M in a worst-case scenario. If we include not only the cost of the primary hospitalization, but also the cost of other health and social services (e.g. long term nuring home care) related to the fracture, the cost impact will increase from €341M to €388M either or €766M CONCLUSIONS: Our study indicates that the number and cost of hip fractures is likely to increase until 2040, but the magnitude of the impact is very much dependent on demographic change and fracture rate development.