OBJECTIVES: Targeted therapies have been used and reimbursed for treatment of eye malignancies by Taiwan National Health Insurance in the past few years. This study examined the recent trend in use and costs of antineoplastic agents for treatment of eye malignancies in Taiwan from 2009 to 2012. We also forecasted use and costs of targeted therapies up to and including year 2016 based on the current patterns. METHODS: The monthly claims data for eye malignancy-related antineoplastic agents were retrieved from Taiwan’s National Health Insurance Research Database (2009-2012). We calculated the number of prescriptions and costs for each class of medications, and analyzed their time trends. In addition, using a time series design with ARIMA models, we estimated the market share by prescription volume and the proportion of costs for targeted therapies for years 2015 and 2016. RESULTS: The market share of targeted therapies grew from 1.56% in 2009 to 9.98% in 2012 among all antineoplastic agents, and the proportion of costs for targeted therapies rose from 15.12% in 2009 to 58.88% in 2012. Especially, the proportion of costs for protein kinase inhibitors grew from 25.62% to 45.28% among all antineoplastic agents between 2010 and 2012. The market share and the proportion of costs for targeted therapies were predicted to reach 27.33% and 91.39% by the fourth quarter in 2016 respectively. CONCLUSIONS: This is the first study that examined and forecasted the use of targeted therapies for treatment of eye malignancies in Taiwan. Our findings indicate that, compared with other classes of drugs, targeted therapies are becoming the main treatments for eye malignancy in Taiwan, and due to their high costs they are likely to cause great economic burden.