OBJECTIVES: The aim of the current study was to determine the association between medication non-adherence and HbA1c levels among type 2 diabetes patients currently using basal insulin analogues.  METHODS: Data from the 2011 U.S. National Health and Wellness Survey (NHWS) were used. The NHWS is a patient-reported survey fielded to a demographically-representative sample of the adult US population (N=75,000).  Analyses were restricted to those who reported a diagnosis of type 2 diabetes, were currently using insulin glargine or insulin detemir, had non-missing self-reported HbA1c values, and had non-missing medication adherence data (assessed using the Morisky Medication Adherence Scale (MMAS)). The association between medication non-adherence and HbA1c was examined using multiple regressions controlling for sociodemographics, health behaviors, and comorbidities.  RESULTS: A total of 768 patients met the study inclusion criteria. These patients were mostly male (64.71%), had a mean age of 61.39 (SD=9.85), were predominantly obese (72.92%), and reported a mean HbA1c level of 7.31% (SD=1.41%). A third of patients (33.20%) reported engaging in at least one non-adherent behavior; the most common was being forgetful with their medication (28.52%) followed by being careless with their medication (13.02%). Adjusting for covariates, a higher non-adherence score was significantly associated with increased HbA1c (b=0.33, p<.0001). When entering all non-adherent behaviors from the MMAS separately into the model being careless (b=0.44, p=.008) was the strongest predictor of increased HbA1c levels.  CONCLUSIONS: The results suggest that a sizeable proportion of T2D patients using basal insulin analogues engage in some form of non-adherent behavior, the most common being forgetfulness and carelessness with the administration of their medication. Even after adjusting for confounding variables, the presence of non-adherent behaviors (particularly carelessness) was associated with significantly higher levels of HbA1c.  Improved adherence of these patients may result in clinical benefits.