OBJECTIVES: The prevalence, policies and disease control programs for Asthma vary considerable across the country.  The aim of this study is the evaluation of inequalities in utilization of healthcare resources in Asthma diagnosed population by using a national household survey.   METHODS: We used data from 2008 Health Supplement of the National Household Sample Survey (PNAD) conducted by Brazilian Institute of Geography and Statistics (391,868 subjects). The study population was subjects aged ≤14 years with self-reported medical diagnosed asthma or bronchitis, comprising 7,509 subjects.  The outcomes were presence of hospital admission and physician visit in the last year, and use of chronic medication. The outcomes were analyzed by socio-demographic variables. Statistical analysis comprised logistic regression for association measures, and χ2 and F test to test results independence, being significant p<0.005.  All analysis considered complex plan sampling.   RESULTS: In one year, among the diagnosed asthma and bronchitis patients, 84.0% had physician visit and 12.6% had hospital admission.  Also, 16% reported use of chronic medication. The frequency of hospital admission decreased with the increasing of age (OR: 0.85 p<0.001) and of household head educational level (OR: 0.88 p<0.001). Also, hospital admission varied significantly across the Brazilian regions (16.0% in North and Northeast to 9.8% in South p<0.001).  The presence of physician visit and use of chronic medication increased with the household educational level (OR: 1.32 p<0.001 and OR:1.34 p<0.001, respectively) and decreased with the household overcrowding (person/bedroom) (OR:0.89 and  OR: 0.88, respectively). Furthermore, physician visit and use of chronic medication were higher in more developed regions and white household head.  CONCLUSIONS: Patients with greater use of physician visit and medication had lower frequencies of hospital admission. Considering the regional disparities, it is imperative to implement effective national asthma management approaches aimed at the appropriate target populations.