OBJECTIVES: Endometriosis affects 10% of women of reproductive age and WERF EndoCost study has recently shown that it imposes substantial economic burden on society through the reduced economic and personal productivity. The aim of the study was to estimate the prevalence of endometriosis and the cost of illness from the payer’s perspective in Ukraine as the model of health insurance is establishing now in Ukraine. METHODS: We performed a retrospective analysis of the real data from 450 medical records of patients who were treated in a Lviv Regional Perinatal Center in 2013. The results of our previous study of treatment cost of endometriosis in Ukraine were used (Zalis’ka O., Piniazhko O. et al. 2014). We used the prices from Ukrainian database of Morion company (Kiev) on 01.06.2014 (1 EUR =16,04 UAH). RESULTS: According to the analysis 70% of women with endometriosis choose treatment hormones with the duration of six month usually and 30% of patients undergo surgical treatment. Annual direct cost of endometriosis per patient varies from €224 to €487 depending on the chosen scheme of pharmacotherapy, which differences 2 times. Accordingly, costs correlated with clinical severity and patient’s financial position and ability to pay. Based on the data of State Statistics Service of Ukraine, we estimated that the number of women of reproductive age in Ukraine was 14,7 million in 2013. Therefore when to extrapolate data the number of women with endometriosis could amount approximately 1,47 million and 1,03 million women would take pharmacotherapy instead of surgery. The annual cost of treatment hormones of endometriosis could amount from €230,5 million  to €501,6 million. CONCLUSIONS: The economic burden of endometriosis in Ukraine demonstrates a significant need in the optimization of the management of this disease within the introduction of health insurance system and health technology assessment of the applicable hormones.