OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the pattern and clinical outcomes of insulin therapies compared to oral antidiabetic therapies in the management of T2DM.  METHODS: A retrospective cohort study of patients with T2DM attending the Mesaimeer Primary Healthcare Center in Doha, Qatar. Inclusion criteria included were adult patients with at least with T2DM for 12 months period.  Exclusion criteria included were age below 18 yrs, T2DM history less than 1 year, pregnant women and  patients with kidney/hepatic disease.  Patients’ medical records were reviewed for a period of one year. Data collected included socio-demographic profiles, clinical and laboratory data, medication regimens, and regimen cost per year.  Data were analyzed descriptively and using Chi-Square test with priori alpha level of 0.05. RESULTS: A total of 295 patients with T2DM attending the primary health center were included in the study.  Majority of the patients were male (n=210, 71.2%), age between 25-64 years old (n=241, 82.3%) and obese (n=163, 55.3%).  Metformin was the most frequently used oral anti-diabetic medication (89.8%), followed by gliclazide (30.6%)and sitagliptin (26.2%).   32.3% of the patients were on insulin at the end of the  12 month follow-up period.  The most common treatment regimen at both time points was oral dual therapy  (28.3%), followed by oral monotherapy (21.3%) and triple oral therapy (20.2%).  The mean HbA1c was 8.0+1.6% at both the beginning and endpoint of the 12 month follow-up period, indicating uncontrolled DM. Those patients receiving insulin-containing therapy had a significantly higher proportion of uncontrolled DM than those who did not receive insulin (98% vs. 81%; p<0.001) at the endpoint of 12-month follow-up period.  CONCLUSIONS: The findings of this study showed that T2DM patients attending primary healthcare clinics in Qatar were not achieving glycemic control.